https://www.museo8bits.com/wiki/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Impresora_matricialImpresora matricial - Historial de revisiones2026-05-02T07:38:10ZHistorial de revisiones de esta página en la wikiMediaWiki 1.41.0https://www.museo8bits.com/wiki/index.php?title=Impresora_matricial&diff=3758&oldid=prevMuseo8bits: 1 revisión importada2021-08-30T15:11:29Z<p>1 revisión importada</p>
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<p><b>Página nueva</b></p><div>[[Imagen:Apple ImageWriter LQ.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Apple ImageWriter LQ de 27 pines]]<br />
[[Imagen:Dot matrix example text.png|thumb|300px|Resultado típico de una impresora matricial operando en modo no-NLQ. Esta imagen representa un área de impresión de aproximadamente 4.5cm x 1.5cm.]]<br />
[[Imagen:Tandy1000HX.jpg|thumbnail|right|300px|Un [[Tandy 1000]] HX con una impresora Tandy DMP-133 de 9 agujas.]]<br />
<br />
Una '''impresora matricial''' o '''impresora de matriz de puntos''' es un tipo de [[impresora]] con una cabeza de impresión que se desplaza de izquierda a derecha sobre la página, imprimiendo por impacto, oprimiendo una cinta de tinta contra el papel, de forma similar al funcionamiento de una [[máquina de escribir]]. Al contrario que las máquinas de escribir o [[impresoras de margarita]], las letras son obtenidas por selección de puntos de una matriz, y por tanto es posible producir distintos tipos de letra, y gráficos en general. Puesto que la impresión requiere presión mecánica, estas impresoras pueden crear [[copia carbón|copias carbón]]. Esta tecnología fue comercializada en primer lugar por [[Digital Equipment Corporation]].<br />
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Cada punto es producido por un diminuto bastón metálico, también llamado alambre o ''pin'', que es empujado por un pequeño [[electroimán]], bien directamente o mediante un mecanismo de palancas. Enfrente de la cinta de tinta y del papel hay una pequeña guía agujereada para servir de guía a los bastones. La parte móvil de la impresora es conocida como la cabeza de impresión, que generalmente imprime una línea de texto en cada movimiento horizontal sobre el papel. La mayoría de impresoras matriciales tienen una sola línea vertical de bastones metálicos de impresión. Otras tienen varias columnas entrelazadas para incrementar la densidad de puntos y, por tanto, la resolución de la impresión.<br />
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El ámbito va de las impresoras de 1 pin (empleadas en calculadoras e impresoras baratas para equipos de 8 bits), 9 pines (la más utilizadas), 18 pines (muy poco frecuentes), 24 pines (que copan la gama alta) y 27 pines (récord ostentado por la Apple ImageWriter LQ ).<br />
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Las impresoras de agujas se centran mayoritariamente en el mercado del [[IBM PC]] ofreciendo compatibilidad con los códigos de impresión establecidos por [[IBM]], [[Epson]] ([[ESC/P]] y ESC/P 2) y más frecuentemente con ambas normas. Para los [[ordenador doméstico|ordenadores domésticos]] cada casa solía producir una impresora que incorporaba los caracteres especiales de cada equipo. Pero destacan dos grandes subfamilias, las impresoras compatibles Commodore (que presentan al menos un puerto serial como el de los [[Commodore 64]]) y las impresoras compatibles [[MSX]] (que incorporan todo el set gráfico MSX como una ampliación del set Epson, y pueden hacer una copia de pantalla de los MSX). Mientras que en las primeras son pocos los casos preparados para usarse también con un PC, cualquier impresora MSX puede usarse sin problemas con cualquier PC basado en [[MS-DOS]].<br />
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Aunque estas máquinas son muy duraderas, con el tiempo pierden eficacia. La tinta invade la guía de la cabeza de impresión, provocando que la suciedad se acumule, lo que termina deformando la forma circular de los agujeros en dicha guía, y en definitiva reduciendo la precisión de los bastones.<br />
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Hablando con propiedad, el término "matricial" es inapropiado, puesto que casi todas las [[impresora de chorro de tinta|impresoras de chorro de tinta]], [[Impresora térmica|termales]] y [[impresora láser|láser]] producen matrices de puntos. Sin embargo, esta palabra parece haber sido reservada para las impresoras matriciales por impacto.<br />
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<!--<br />
==Early dot matrix printers==<br />
The '''LA30''' was a 30 character/second dot matrix printer introduced in [[1970]] by [[Digital Equipment Corporation]] of [[Maynard, Massachusetts|Maynard]], [[Massachusetts]]. It printed 80 columns of uppercase-only 5x7 [[dot matrix]] characters across a unique-sized paper. The printhead was driven by a [[stepper motor]] and the paper was advanced by a somewhat-unreliable and definitely noisy [[solenoid]] ratchet drive. The LA30 was available with both a parallel interface and a serial interface, however, the serial LA30 required the use of [[fill character]]s during the carriage-return operation.<br />
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The LA30 was followed in [[1974]] by the '''LA36''' which achieved far greater commercial success, becoming for a time the standard dot matrix computer terminal. The LA36 used the same printhead as the LA30 but could print on forms of any width up to 132 columns of mixed-case output on standard [[green bar fanfold paper]]. The carriage was moved by a much-more-capable [[servo]] drive using a [[Direct current|dc]] [[Electric motor|motor]] and an optical encoder/[[tachometer]]. The paper was moved by a stepper motor. The LA36 was only available with a serial interface but unlike the earlier LA30, no fill characters were required. This was possible because, while the printer never communicated at faster than 30 characters per second, the mechanism was actually capable of printing at 60 characters per second. During the carriage return period, characters were ''buffered'' for subsequent printing at full speed during a ''catch-up'' period. The two-tone buzz produced by 60 character-per-second catch-up printing followed by 30 character-per-second ordinary printing was a distinctive feature of the LA36.<br />
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Digital then broadened the basic LA36 line onto a wide variety of dot matrix printers including:<br />
* '''LA180''' -- 180 c/s line printer<br />
* '''LS120''' -- 120 c/s terminal<br />
* '''LA120''' -- 180 c/s advanced terminal<br />
* '''LA34''' -- Cost-reduced terminal<br />
* '''LA38''' -- An LA34 with more features<br />
* '''LA12''' -- A portable terminal<br />
<br />
In 1970, [[Centronics]] (then of [[Hudson, New Hampshire|Hudson]], [[New Hampshire]]) introduced a dot matrix printer, the Centronics 101. The search for a reliable printer mechanism led it to develop a relationship with [[Brother Industries, Ltd.]] of [[Japan]], and the sale of Centronics-badged Brother printer mechanisms equipped with a Centronics print head and Centronics electronics. Unlike Digital, Centronics concentrated on the low-end [[line printer]] marketplace with their distinctive units. In the process, they designed the parallel electrical interface that was to become standard on most dot matrix printers (indeed, most printers in general) until it started to be replaced by the [[Universal Serial Bus]] ([[Universal Serial Bus|USB]]) in the late [[1990s]].<br />
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==Dot matrix features==<br />
As with any technology product, feature-sets for dot-matrix impact printers vary by price, intended market, and year of introduction.<br />
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===Industrial market===<br />
Industrial-market printers are designed for high-volume printing, and offer construction, feed paths, and carriage configurations suited for this task. The carriage assembly typically houses multiple printheads, permitting rapid printing of the entire paper-width with only a partial carriage displacement. Industrial printers are often cabinet-sized, with their own housing for blank paper, the printer, and printed output. Suppliers of industrial impact printers include [[Mannesman-Tally]], [[Genicom]] and [[Printronix]].<br />
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===Personal computer market===<br />
[[Image:Tandy1000HX.jpg|thumbnail|right|275px|A [[Tandy 1000]] HX with a Tandy DMP-133 dot-matrix printer.]]<br />
The 1980s saw a wide variety of printers from many different manufacturers. Nearly all consumer printers are desktop-sized. Common features included:<br />
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* alphanumeric mode (text) - [[ASCII]]/[[ANSI]] character-printing mode, encoded as 1-byte per printed character. Early IBM PC printers had limited typeface definitions, later printers had fully ANSI-compliant typeface definitions. Standard on all dot-matrix printers. (''Note: 'Windows-only' printers no longer support text-printing from MS-DOS.'')<br />
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* bitmap mode (graphics) - freeform bitmap printing. Controller transcribed any host-provided bitmap-sequence. Standard on all but the earliest dot-matrix models.<br />
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* boldface (text) - Usually implemented by printing selected text segment in printer's double-density mode. (For NLQ fonts which already used double-density mode, the printer controller digitally 'widened' the typeface bitmap.)<br />
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* color printing (text+graphics)- multi-color output, generally achieved with multiple printhead passes. Required a color-ribbon to be installed.<br />
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* condensed cpi (text) - '''characters per inch''', standard-sized text was 10cpi (or 80 columns for letter-width paper.) Many printers offered '''condensed''' text-modes of 12cpi, 15cpi, 17cpi, and 20cpi. If supported in NLQ mode, the condensed typefaces generally used extra storage (ROM) in the printer controller to hold different versions of the typeface. (Early printers limited NLQ-mode to 10cpi or 12cpi.)<br />
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* doublestrike (text) - '''double-printing''' (two-pass) of a selected text segment. Sometimes used to simulate '''boldface''', or cheap, poor-quality NLQ.<br />
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* downloadable font (text) - ability to accept and store a user-defined typeface. The user-downloaded typeface was downloaded into printer's onboard [[RAM]], where it becomes available to subsequent (alphanumeric) text printjobs. First offered on the 9-pin Epson FX-80. Later high-end 24-pin printers supported 2 or more simultaneous user-fonts, allowing a printjob to use any combination of user or built-in typefaces.<br />
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* draft (text) - high-speed print mode, characters were formed with openly spaced dots. Some models had multiple draft-modes with differing speed and dot-density.<br />
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* italics (text) - built-in '''italics''' capability. Printer controller created the effect through digital processing of the typeface.<br />
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* NLQ (text) - ''[[near letter quality]]'', ASCII typeface with improved darkness, readibility. Generally slower to print, especially on 9-pin printers. (Available on 24-pin printers and later model 9-pin printers.)<br />
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* outline (text) - printed selected text segment in a hollowed outline of the typeface. Printer controller created the effect through digital processing of the typeface. Found on a handful of late-model 24-pin printers (such as Epson LQ-570/870/1070.)<br />
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* proportional-space font (text) - non-uniform (horizontal) spacing between characters. Some models only allowed PS in conjunction with specific typefaces.<br />
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* quiet-mode (text+graphics) - reduced the printhead's acoustic noise during printing. Generally reduced the speed of printing.<br />
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* scalable font (text) - allowed user-control of font's printed-size (continuously variable point-size.) Unlike the traditional bitmap-representation of typeface data, scalable typefaces used a vector-based definition. Found on a handful of late-model 24-pin printers (such as Epson LQ-570/870.)<br />
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* shadow (text) - added a shadow-image to a selected text segment. Printer controller created the effect through digital processing of the typeface. Found on a handful of late-model 24-pin printers (such as Epson LQ-570/870/1070.)<br />
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* subscript/superscript (text) - built-in typeface for simulating raised and lowered letters. (Usually implemented as a separate typeface.)<br />
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* typeface (text) - the typeface is the bitmap (image) definition of a font. Common printer typefaces were '''Courier''', '''Roman''', '''Serif''', and '''Sans Serif.''' Early and low-end printers offered a single typeface. High-end and later models offered 2 or more distinct typefaces, as well as user-downloading of custom typefaces.<br />
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* wide-carriage (carriage size) - could print to wider (132 column) paper. Standard-carriage printers printed on letter-width (8.5") paper.<br />
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* dot-density (printhead and controller) - "dot matrix resolution" for 9-pin printers: Vertical is 72dpi, horizontal (dpi):60, 66, 72, 80, 96, 120, 132, 144, 160, 180, 240. For 24-pin printers (in native 24-pin mode), Vertical is 180dpi, horizontal (dpi): 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 360. Many models could achieve higher vertical-density through fractional linefeeds (1/144" or 1/216" for 9-pin, 1/360" for 24-pin), for a maximum-rating of 240x216, or 360x360.<br />
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* 9-pin (printhead configuration) - the standard printhead config until the introduction of 24-pin printers. Later models offered dot-density up to 240dpi (horizontal.)<br />
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* 18-pin, 27-pin (printhead configuration) - uncommon in consumer market.<br />
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* 24-pin (printhead configuration) - square-pixel for high bitmap resolution (180x180dpi standard), faster and higher-quality NLQ mode. Later models offered dot-density up to 360dpi (horizontal.)<br />
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==Dot matrix usage==<br />
===Personal Computers===<br />
[[image:Epson_MX-80.jpg|thumb|300px|An Epson MX-80]]<br />
In the [[1970s]] and [[1980s]], dot matrix impact printers were generally considered the best combination of expense and versatility, and until the [[1990s]] they were by far the most common form of printer used with [[personal computer]]s. <br />
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The [[Epson]] MX-80 was the groundbreaking model that sparked the initial popularity of impact printers in the personal computer market. The MX-80 combined affordability with solid text-output (for its time.) Early impact printers (including the MX) were notoriously loud during operation, a result of the hammer-like mechanism in the printhead. Furthermore, the MX-80's low dot-density (60dpi horizontal, 72dpi vertical) produced printouts of a distinctive "computerized" quality. When compared to the crisp typewriter-quality of a daisy-wheel printer, the dot-matrix printer's legibility appeared especially bad. In office applications, output quality was a serious issue, as the dot-matrix text's readability would rapidly degrade with each [[photocopier|photocopy]] generation.<br />
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Initially, third-party software (such as [[Bradford (software program)|Bradford]]) printer enhancement program, offered a quick-fix to the quality-issue. The software utilized a variety of software techniques to increase print quality; general strategies were doublestrike (print each line twice), and double-density mode (slow the printhead to allow denser and more precise dot placement.) Such add-on software was inconvenient to use, because they required the user to remember to run the enhancement program ''before'' each printer-session (to activate the enhancement mode.) Furthermore, they were not compatible with all programs.<br />
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Early personal computer software focused on the processing of text, but as graphics displays became ubiquitous throughout the personal computer world, users wanted to print both text and images. Ironically, whereas the daisy-wheel printer and pen-plotter struggled to reproduce bitmap images, the first dot-matrix impact printers (including the MX-80) lacked the ability to print computer-generated images. Yet the dot-matrix printhead was well-suited to this task, and the capability quickly became a standard feature on all PC-oriented dot-matrix printers.<br />
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Progressive hardware improvements to impact printers boosted the carriage speed, added more (typeface) font options, increased the dot density (from 60dpi up to 240dpi), and added pseudo-color printing. Faster carriage speeds meant faster (and sometimes louder) printing. Additional typefaces allowed the user to vary the text appearance of printouts. Proportional-spaced fonts allowed the printer to imitate the non-uniform character widths of a typesetter. Increased dot-density allowed for more detailed, darker printouts. The impact pins of the printhead were constrained to a minimum-size (for structural durability), and dot densities above 100dpi merely caused adjacent dots to overlap. While the pin-diameter placed a lower-limit on the smallest reproducible graphic-detail, manufacturers were able to use higher dot-density to great effect in improving text-quality.<br />
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Several dot-matrix impact printers (such as the Epson FX series) offered 'user-downloadable fonts.' This gave the user the flexibility to print with different typefaces. PC software downloaded a user-defined fontset into the printer's memory, replacing the built-in typeface with the user's selection. Any subsequent text-printout would use the downloaded font, until the printer was powered-off or soft-reset. Several third-party programs were developed to allow easier management of this capability. With a supported word-processor program (such as Wordperfect 5.1), the user could embed up to 2 [[near letter quality|NLQ]] custom typefaces in addition to the printer's built-in (ROM) typefaces. (The later rise of [[WYSIWYG]] software philosophy rendered downloaded-fonts obsolete.)<br />
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''Single-strike'' and ''Multi-strike'' ribbons were an attempt to address issues in the ribbon's ink quality. Standard printer ribbons used the same principles as typewriter ribbons. The printer would be at its darkest with a newly installed ribbon cartridge, but would gradually grow fainter with each successive printout. The variation in darkness over the ribbon cartridge's lifetime prompted the introduction of alternative ribbon formulations. ''Single-strike'' ribbons used a carbon-like substance in typewriter ribbons transfer. As the ribbon was only usable for a single loop (rated in terms of 'character count'), the blackness was of consistent, outstanding darkness. ''Multi-strike'' ribbons gave an increase in ribbon life, at the expense of quality.<br />
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===Pseudo-Color===<br />
Several manufacturers implemented color dot-matrix impact printing through a multi-color ribbon. Color was achieved through a multi-pass composite printing process. During each pass, the printhead struck a different section of the ribbon (one primary color.) For a 4-color ribbon, each printed-line of output required a total of 4 passes. In some color printers, such as the [[Apple Computer|Apple]] [[ImageWriter|ImageWriter II]], the printer moved the ribbon relative to the fixed printhead assembly. In other models, the printhead was tilted against a stationary ribbon.<br />
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Due to their poor color quality and increased operating expense, color impact models never replaced their monochrome counterparts. As the color ribbon was used in the printer, the black ink section would gradually contaminate the other 3 colors, changing the consistency of printouts over the life of the ribbon. Hence, the color dot-matrix was suitable for abstract illustrations and pie-charts, but not for ''photo-realistic'' reproduction. Dot-matrix thermal-transfer printers offered more consistent color quality, but consumed printer film, still more expensive. Color printing in the home would only become ubiquitous much later, with the ink-jet printer.<br />
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===NLQ===<br />
Text quality was a recurring issue with dot-matrix printers. '''[[Near letter quality]]''' ('''NLQ''') mode endowed dot-matrix printers with a simulated typewriter-like quality. By using multiple passes of the carriage, and higher dot density, the printer could increase the effective resolution. For example, the Epson FX-86 could achieve a theoretical ''addressible'' dot-grid of 240 by 216 dots/inch using a print head with a vertical dot density of only 72 dots/inch, by making multiple passes of the print head for each line. For 240 by 144 dots/inch, the print head would make one pass, printing 240 by 72 dots/inch, then the printer would advance the paper by half of the vertical dot pitch (1/144 inch), then the print head would make a second pass. For 240 by 216 dots/inch, the print head would make three passes with smaller paper movement (1/3 vertical dot pitch, or 1/216 inch) between the passes. To cut hardware costs, some manufacturers merely used a ''double strike'' (doubly printing each line) to increase the printed text's boldness, resulting in bolder but still jagged text. In all cases, NLQ mode incurred a severe speed penalty. Not surprisingly, all printers retained one or more 'draft' modes for high-speed printing.<br />
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NLQ became a standard feature on all dot-matrix printers. While NLQ was well received in the IBM PC market, the Apple Macintosh market curiously did not use NLQ mode at all, as it did not rely on the printer's own fonts. Mac word-processing applications used fonts stored in the computer. For non-[[PostScript]] (raster) printers, the final raster image was produced by the computer and sent to the printer, which meant dot-matrix printers on the Mac platform exclusively used raster ("graphics") printing mode. For near-letter-quality output, the Mac would simply double the resolution used by the printer, to 144 dpi, and use a screen [[font]] twice the point size desired. Since the Mac's screen resolution (72 dpi) was exactly half of the [[ImageWriter]]'s maximum, this worked perfectly, creating text at exactly the desired size. The Mac's WYSIWYG philosophy foreshadowed the direction the PC market would later follow.<br />
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===24-pin printers===<br />
By the mid 1980s, manufacturers had increased the pincount of the impact printhead from 9 pins to 18, or 24. (At 27 pins, the Apple ImageWriter LQ held the record for consumer market.) The increased pin-count permitted superior print-quality which was necessary for success in asian markets to print legible [[kanji|kanji characters]]. In the PC market, nearly all 9-pin printers printed at a defacto-standard vertical pitch of 9/72 inch (per printhead pass.) Epson's 24-pin LQ-series rose to become the new de-facto standard, at 24/180 inch (per pass.) Not only could a 24-pin printer lay down a denser dot-pattern in a single-pass, it could simultaneously cover a larger area. <br />
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Compared to the older 9-pin models, a new 24-pin impact printer not only produced better-looking NLQ text, it printed the page quicker (largely due to the 24-pin's ability to print NLQ with a single pass.) 24-pin printers repeated this feat in bitmap graphics mode, producing higher-quality graphics in reduced time. While the text-quality of a 24-pin was still visibly inferior to a true [[letter-quality printer]]&mdash;the daisy wheel or laser-printer, the typical 24-pin impact printer outpaced most daisy-wheel models.<br />
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As manufacturing costs declined, 24-pin printers gradually replaced 9-pin printers. 24-pin printers reached a dot-density of 360x360 dpi, a marketing figure aimed at misleading potential buyers of competing ink-jet and laser-printers. 24-pin NLQ fonts generally used a dot-density of 360x180, the highest allowable with single-pass printing. Multipass NLQ was abandoned, as most manufacturers felt the marginal quality improvement did not justify the tradeoff in speed. Most 24-pin printers offered 2 or more NLQ typefaces, but the rise of WYSIWYG software and [[GUI]] environments such as [[Microsoft Windows]] ended the usefulness of NLQ.<br />
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===Use of dot matrix printers today===<br />
The desktop impact printer was gradually replaced by the [[inkjet]] printer. When [[Hewlett-Packard]]'s patents expired on steam-propelled photolithographically-produced ink-jet heads, the inkjet mechanism became available to the printer industry. The inkjet was superior in nearly all respects: comparatively quiet operation, faster print speed, and output-quality almost as good as a laser-printer. By the mid-1990s, inkjet technology had surpassed dot-matrix in the mainstream market.<br />
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As of [[2005]], dot matrix impact technology remains in use in devices such as [[cash register]]s (tills), [[Automatic Teller Machine|ATM]], and many other point-of-sales terminals. [[Thermal printer|Thermal printing]] is gradually supplanting them in these applications. Full-size dot-matrix impact printers are still found in printing of carbon copy [[multi-part stationery]], and other applications where use of [[tractor feed paper]] is desirable such as [[computer programming]] and [[data logging]]. Dot matrix printers are also more tolerant of hot, dirty operating conditions found in many industrial settings. The simplicity and durability of the design allows users who are not "computer literate" to easily perform routine tasks such as changing ribbons and correcting paper jams.<br />
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Some companies, such as [[WeP Peripherals]] [http://www.wepindia.com/computers/dot_matrix_printers/dot_matrix_printers.htm], [[Epson]] [http://www.epson.com/cgi-bin/Store/Printers.jsp?BV_UseBVCookie=yes&oid=0], [[Okidata]] [http://www.okidata.com/mkt/html/nf/SIDM.html], and [[TallyGenicom]] [http://www.tallygenicom.com/products/index.htm], still produce serial and line printers. Today, a new dot matrix printer actually costs more than most inkjet printers, and some entry level laser printers. However, much should not be read into this price difference as the printing costs for inkjet and laser printers are exorbitantly higher than dot matrix printers, and the inkjet/laser printer manufacturers effectively use their monopoly over arbitrarily priced printer cartridges to subsidise the initial cost of the printer itself[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkjet_printer#Underlying_business_model]. Dot matrix ribbons, however, are a commodity and are not monopolised by the printer manufacturers themselves.<br />
--><br />
== Ventajas y desventajas ==<br />
===Ventajas===<br />
Las impresoras matriciales, como cualquier impresora de impacto, puede imprimir en papel multicapa o hacer [[copia carbón|copias carbón]]. Dichas impresoras tienen un bajo coste de impresión por página. Conforme se termina la tinta, la impresión pierde intensidad gradualmente en lugar de terminar repentinamente durante un trabajo. Pueden trabajar con papel continuo en lugar de requerir hojas individuales, lo que las hace útiles para impresión de registros de datos. Son buenas en general para situaciones en las que la resistencia y durabilidad sea más importante que la calidad de impresión.<br />
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===Desventajas===<br />
Las impresoras de impacto suelen ser ruidosas, hasta el punto de que existen carcasas aislantes para su uso en entornos silenciosos. Sólo pueden imprimir texto y gráficos, con una resolución de color limitada, relativamente baja calidad y a poca velocidad. Aunque suelen ser la mejor solución para imprimir etiquetas y tickets, son propensas a que falle uno de los pines del cabezal de impresión, dejando zonas apagadas en el texto.<br />
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== Referencias ==<br />
*[http://www.decitaly.org/museo/docs/dechistory.htm Historia de DEC]<br />
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== Véase también ==<br />
<br />
*[[Impresora de margarita]]<br />
*[[Impresora de sublimación de tinta]]<br />
*[[Impresora de chorro de tinta]]<br />
*[[Impresora láser]]<br />
*[[Impresora térmica]]<br />
*[[Impresora de líneas]]<br />
{{wp}}<br />
[[Categoría:Impresoras]]<br />
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[[ar:طابعة نقطية]]<br />
[[de:Matrixdrucker]]<br />
[[en:Dot matrix printer]]<br />
[[es:Impresora matricial]]<br />
[[ko:도트 매트릭스 프린터]]<br />
[[nl:Matrixprinter]]<br />
[[pl:drukarka mozaikowa]]<br />
[[pt:Impressora matricial]]<br />
[[sl:Matrični tiskalnik]]<br />
[[sv:Matrisskrivare]]<br />
[[th:เครื่องพิมพ์ดอตแมทริกซ์]]</div>Museo8bits